AV短视频

RESEARCH GROUP

Ore Deposits Introductory Course Prof. Llu铆s Fontbot茅 and collaborators

Ore deposits introductory course

Table of contents (v. Aug 2013)

* Chapters marked with an asterisk are generally treated in the Master Courses on Ore Deposits, but Bachelor students can download them from

Introduction and general topics

A Economic Aspects
Slides complementing the course

B1 Ore Deposits - General overview of genetic processes and ore forming fluids

B2 Magmatic crstallisation and ore forming fluids

B3 Hydrothermal fluids: types, composition, transport, and precipitation

B4 Hydrothermal alteration
Slides complementing the course

*C1 Ore deposit classifications

*C2 Geometrical terms and other nomenclature aspects

Ore deposits according their geological context

*D Ore deposits in mafic and ultramafic intrusive rocks, without alkaline rocks
Examples: Chromite deposit, Ni-PGE in layered mafic intrusions
Slides complementing the course

*E Ore deposits in alkaline intrusions in stable areas
Examples: P, Cu, (PGE) in carbonatites, diamonds deposits

*F Felsic intrusions. Part I: phanerocrystalline textures. Pegmatites, greisen et skarn. Part I: phaneritic textures
Slides complementing the course

G Felsic intrusions Part II: porphyrocrystalline textures. The Porphyry System
Examples: Porphyry copper deposit
Slides complementing the course

H Extrusive rocks I: Submarine environment
Example: volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits (VHMS)
Slides complementing the course

I Extrusive rocks II: Continental and subaereal environment
Examples: Epithermal Au and Ag deposits
Slides complementing the course

J Sediment-hosted ore deposits. Part I: Fe and Mn deposits
Example: Banded Iron Formation (BIF)
Slides complementing the course

K Sediment-hosted ore deposits. Part II: Au-U and Cu-U ore deposit in clastic rocks
Examples: Kupferschiefer deposits; Sediment-hosted massive sulfide deposits

L Sediment-hosted ore deposits. Part III: Ore deposits formed by basinal brines in clastic and carbonate rocks
Exemple: Mississippi Valley Type deposits (MVT)
Slides complementing the course

*M Ore deposits in sedimentary rocks. Part IV: Chemical sediments (without Fe and Mn)
Slides complementing the course

*N Ore deposits in metamorphic rocks and orogenic gold deposits
Slides complementing the course

Surface processes

O Residual ore deposits
Examples: Bauxites, laterites

P Placers
Slides complementing the course

Q Supergene alteration and enrichment processes
Slides complementing the course

*T Acid mining drainage and other environmental problems related to mining

U Industrial minerals

Z References

 

Slides to Chapter I

Extrusive rocks II: Continental and subaereal environment

Examples: Epithermal Au and Ag deposits

[Marte mine, Marcicunga Belt] [Lobo mine, Marcicunga Belt]
[argillic alteration] [Liesegang] [acid high sulfidation fluids]
[Coipa mine, Marcicunga Belt] [Colquijirca, Peru]
[Rodalquilar, Spain] [Almad茅n, Spain] [Sulphur, Nevada]

 

Epithermal High Sulfidation Systems High Sulfidation Systems at Maricunga Belt, northern Chile
(see Vila & Sillitoe, 1991, Economic Geology, 1991, v. 86, p. 1238-1260 and references therein).

Salar of Maricunga, about 10 km north of the Marte Mine, northern Chile, view to the east.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/05 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Field trip group at the Marte Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/17 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

General view of the Marte Au-deposit, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile, view to the northeast.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/36 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Au-rich porpyry at Marte Mine, northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/1 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Typical hard relief formed by vein with core of residual or vuggy silica (advanced argillic alteration)
Marte Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/20 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Residual silica ("vuggy silica") with late native sulfur. Marte Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/24 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Residual silica ("vuggy silica") with late native sulfur. Marte Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
From left to right: Jorge Spangenberg, Robert Moritz, Jeff Hedenquist. (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-1/32).

General view of the Lobo Mine Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
View to the southwest. (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/19).

General view of the Lobo area, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile. View to the west.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/23 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Hard relief formed by vein with core of residual silica at the Lobo Au-deposit, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
View to the south. (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/14)

Detail of the residual silica of the same vein. Same silicification is also visible.
(Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/11)

 

Typical sample of the residual silica flanked by kaolinite-alunite samples representing a typical advanced argillic alteration.
(Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/13) Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Liesegang rings following fractures on an altered volcanic rock at the Lobo Au-deposit, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-3/06 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Typical zonation formed by very acid high sulfidation fluids.
From center to flanks: Residual silica (dark brown), kaolinite-alunite (white), kaolinite-sericite light brown.
Refugio Mine, Maricunga Belt, northern Chile. (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-4/06).

General view of the Coipa Au Mine, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-4/37 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

View of the Coipa Au Mine, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile.
Yelow-whitish rocks denote advanced argillic alteration with abundant alunite.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-5/06 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

View of the Coipa Au Mine, Maricunga Belt, Northern Chile.
Yellow-whitish rocks denote advanced argillic alteration with abundant alunite.
(Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1994.10-5/11).

 

High sulfidation system Marcapunta-Smelter-San Gregorio-Colqujirca, Colquijirca District, Central Peru
(see Fontbot茅 and Bendez煤, 1999, 5th Biennial SGA Meeting, London, and references therein)

Typical vuggy (or residual) silica in the central part of the Marcapunta Au-Ag prospect, Colquijirca District, Central Peru.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.3/11 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Alunite-filled former K-Fd phenocryst in vuggy silica, Marcapunta Au-Ag prospect, Colquijirca District, Central Peru.
(Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 11998.3/06) Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Enargite star in the Smelter mine, Colquijirca District, Central Peru.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 11998.3/20 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

 

High sulfidation system at the Rodalquilar Au-Mine, southeast Spain

Typical vein with vuggy silica flanked by kaolinite-alunite altered rocks
Open pit 2, bottom level, view towards the NE, Rodalquilar Au-Mine, southeast Spain.
Photo Fran莽ois Martin, 20 07.05/54.
Click on the picture for an enlarged version of this photograph.

Typical vein with vuggy silica flanked by kaolinite-alunite altered rocks
Open pit 2, bottom level, view towards the NE, Rodalquilar Au-Mine, southeast Spain.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 2004.06/1924
Click on the picture for an enlarged version of this photograph.

Typical vein with vuggy silica flanked by kaolinite-alunite altered rocks
Open pit 2, bottom level, view towards the NE, Rodalquilar Au-Mine, southeast Spain.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/04 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Typical vein with vuggy silica flanked by kaolinite-alunite altered rocks
Open pit 2, bottom level, view towards the NE, Rodalquilar Au-Mine, southeast Spain.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/05 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

 

Almad茅n Hg District, Spain

Cinnabar rich ore with native mercury, Entredicho mine, Almad茅n district, Spain.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/26 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Native mercury in the Las Cuevas Mine, Almad茅n district, Spain.
Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/20 Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

Photographs of a painting (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/30) ...

... and of the old installation to obtain mercury from cinnabar mine, Spain. (Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/28)

Detail of the cooling system of the old installation to obtain mercury from cinnabar ore, Almad茅n Spain.
(Photo Llu铆s Fontbot茅, 1998.5/29) Copyright 漏 1999 - Llu铆s Fontbot茅 - All Rights Reserved.

 

Low sulfidation epithermal deposit

The Hycroft Sulphur Gold mine, Sulphur, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA.
Photo Pierre Perroud, 2 Aug. 1993 Copyright 漏 2000 - Pierre Perroud- All Rights Reserved.