SKA will be the biggest radio telescope ever built
The Square Kilometre Array, or SKA, will be the biggest radio telescope ever built. Thanks to this ambitious tool, some of the universe鈥檚 greatest mysteries will be resolved. EPFL became a member of the SKA Organisation (SKAO) beginning of April 2020 and will coordinate the contributions to this project on behalf of the Swiss academic community.
Artist鈥檚 impression of the full Square Kilometre Array at night featuring all four听elements. The low frequency aperture array antennas (bottom right), and precursor ASKAP dishes (background right) will be located in Western Australia. The SKA-mid (front left) dishes and precursor听MeerKAT dishes (background left) will be located in South Africa, with some remote stations in other African partner countries.听漏 SKA Organisation
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This is one of the biggest and most ambitious scientific tools of the XXIst century. The Square Kilometre Array, or SKA, is an impressive radio telescope project, which will build an array of 130 15m-diameter dish antennas in South Africa and an array of 130鈥�000 TV-like antennas in Western Australia in the coming years. Thanks to it, some of the Universe鈥檚 greatest mysteries will be studied with a whole new level of precision. Along with thirteen countries officially involved, Switzerland is considering participating in this huge adventure. As an initial step, EPFL was just granted special member status of the SKA Organisation (SKAO) and will be the lead institution coordinating the contributions to the SKA on behalf of the Swiss academic community, which also integrates the AV短视频 (*).
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Most telescopes we readily think of use optical light similar to what we see with our eyes. The SKA will capture light of celestial objects at radio waves, similar to the light used by our smartphones to communicate together. At radio waves, the sky is much different that the one we see in optical light.
鈥淭his new high-performance radio telescope will open a new view of the whole Universe. 鈥� commented Prof. Jean-Paul Kneib of EPFL leading the consortium of Swiss Scientists interested in the SKA project, 鈥淪KA will detect the formation of planetary system around distant stars, the cold Hydrogen gas around galaxies, the nuclei of distant galaxies harbouring an active super-massive blackholes鈥�.
听鈥淪KA will also measure the magnetic field in galaxies and at larger scales and map the fluctuation of the Hydrogen distribution in the first billion year of the beginning of the Universe鈥� added Daniel Schaerer, Professor at the Department of Astronomy of the Faculty of Sciences of the AV短视频. 鈥淪KA will allow us to address some key questions on our Universe, such as the nature of the Dark Matter and the Dark Energy, or explore the Cosmic Dawn the period of time when the first stars and first galaxies formed鈥�.
As outlined in the white paper , published end of February 2020, Swiss scientific institutions(*) and high-tech industry partners are extensively involved in SKA-related science and technology, contributing in research and development in the fields of distributed radio frequency systems, high performance computing, machine learning and artificial intelligence.
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A huge challenge
鈥淪KA is faced with a huge challenge, in signal processing鈥� explained Prof. Jean-Philippe Thiran of EPFL, a specialist of image processing techniques, 鈥渢he data flow that will come out of the many antennas will need to be combined efficiently and likely with new algorithms to extract the complete astrophysical information.鈥�
鈥淚 am delighted to welcome EPFL to the SKA Organisation as our newest member,鈥� said Chair of the SKA Board of Directors Dr Catherine Cesarsky. 鈥淭his renowned research institution and its partners have brought valuable expertise to the SKA, and we look forward to working ever more closely with our Swiss colleagues as we enter this exciting phase of the project, completing the very last steps before construction.鈥�
Switzerland has held observer status within the Organisation since 2016, with many Swiss research institutions and industry partners contributing to various aspects of the SKA. The country has a history of world-class research and development in science and astronomy, including leading the recent CHEOPS mission to study exoplanets and developing instrumentation for the future European-Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) in Chile, among other things. And for five years now, the Swiss SKA Days bring together national and international representatives of academia, industry and government, showcasing the breadth of opportunities for Swiss institutions and companies to be involved in the SKA. The location rotates each year to reflect the various contributions of different Swiss institutions. It is due to be held at the AV短视频 of Zurich later this year.
鈥淪KA is a very ambitious infrastructure in astrophysics, and Switzerland has a lot to offer and benefit from it鈥�, said Olivier K眉ttel, Head of International affairs at EPFL. It is not just about physics, but also about the handling and analysis of large data sets, something Switzerland is good at. It remains the goal of EPFL that Switzerland should become a member of the SKA.鈥�
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First EPFL, then Switzerland!
EPFL is now a member of the SKAO, which has been responsible for overseeing the telescope design phase, until the process of听 is completed. The Observatory is due to come into being in 2020. Switzerland鈥檚 Federal Council recently triggered the first political debate in Parliament regarding the possible participation of Switzerland as a member state in the future.
鈥淎s the dream of building SKA is about to become a reality, SERI welcomes and supports the EPFL decision to join the SKA Organisation as a special member鈥�, stated Xavier Reymond, Deputy Director General for International Research Organisations at the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation SERI, and in charge of the relationships between Switzerland and SKAO. 鈥淭he accession of the EPFL will benefit to the Swiss scientific community as a whole and will open business perspectives to Swiss companies. Switzerland is the proud Seat of CERN and a dedicated Member of the European Southern Observatory and of the European Space Agency. Therefore, we all look forward to assessing the opportunity to complement with the SKA Observatory this portfolio of successful participations in disruptive intergovernmental endeavours dedicated to the fundamental understanding of the Universe.鈥�
SKA Director-General Prof. Philip Diamond also welcomed EPFL to the SKAO, noting the importance of the country鈥檚 involvement so far. 鈥淪wiss institutions have been a vital part of the SKA鈥檚 design phase and bring with them a well-deserved reputation for excellence in science and astronomy, as well as being involved with some of today鈥檚 most exciting projects,鈥� he said. 鈥淎s we move ever closer to SKA construction, EPFL鈥檚 membership serves to highlight the broad range of expertise that the SKA can count upon in this next phase.鈥�
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*: the Swiss Academic Community includes:
Universities of Geneva, Zurich, Bern, ETHZ, CSCS, FHNW, HES-SO, and Verkehrshaus der Schweiz.
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20 Apr 2020