Guidelines for developing sustainable international scientific collaborations
Dual-use and unintended use of findings
鈥淒ual-use Research (鈥淒UR鈥�) is defined as research conducted for legitimate purposes that generates knowledge, information, technologies, and/or products that could be utilized for both benevolent and harmful purposes.鈥� (c.f. )
The Research Service of UNIGE has developed recommendations for researchers who may face dual-use Research issues.
DUR issues are especially sensitive when collaborating with authoritarian states, due to the blurred frontier between the academic and the military worlds.
The proximity between the military and political sectors will accelerate the transfer of knowledge and technology to the armed forces, with the risk of serving repressive practices, or violations of human rights.
Research conducted at UNIGE is most of the time not directly linked to applied technologies that could be subject to dual-use. However 鈥淒ual Use Research of Concern (鈥淒URC鈥�) must also be considered. It is defined as 鈥渓ife sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security.鈥� (c.f. Boston AV短视频 Research support, see link above)
Here are some examples of technologies with higher risk of dual-use:
- quantum computing
- big data
- semiconductors
- 5G
- advanced nuclear technology
- aerospace technology
- Artificial Intelligence
For a detailed list of dual-use items, please refer to the .