ࡱ> ac`\ bjbj >&jbjb $@`TTTTT/&U ab`d`d`d`d`d`d`$be`i//ii`TT`iTTb`ib`,|L.T`dcyP-N``0`b-if"if$L."n.Tif0/iiiiiii``#|iii`iiiiifiiiiiiiii B :  A research led by the AVƵ of Alcal (Spain) and AVƵ (Switzerland) explains how the interaction of two climatic phenomena in the North Atlantic explain droughts and ecosystem functioning in southwestern Europe The work, carried out in collaboration with the AVƵ, has just been published in the scientific journal 'Nature Communications'. The finding could be essential for water, agrarian and forestry planning and to assess the climatic vulnerability of ecosystems in the face of unprecedented warming conditions in the Mediterranean. Geneva, 20th December 2017. What are the causes of droughts that we suffer periodically in the Iberian Peninsula? Why do we sometimes have temperate and rainy winters and other cold and dry or cold and wet winters? Does anthropogenic climate change influence these processes? How do these cycles act on the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems? And finally, can we predict these cycles and thus adapt our economy to these cycles? The article, published this week in 'Nature Communications' and led by the Forest Ecology and Restoration Group of the AVƵ of Alcal (Spain) in collaboration with the AVƵ, provides important clues to answer some of these key questions in the Mediterranean. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large-scale fluctuation in the atmospheric mass at the sea level between the subtropical high pressure zone and the polar low in the North Atlantic basin, and is largely responsible for periods of drought on the European continent. Previous studies show that the NAO has a strong effect on different aspects, from carbon fixation and tree growth, to fruit production or forest pest cycles. However, the connection between long-term forest productivity and the NAO presented some inconsistencies, such as periods in which climate cycles did not correspond to the expected value of the NAO. In their work, the researchers show that these inconsistencies may have their origin in periodic anomalies of the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean, known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). This is an oceanic phenomenon that appear in the north of the Atlantic Ocean and through which sea surface temperatures follow a cycle of a total duration of about 70 years. The work, led by Dr. Jaime Madrigal (recently researcher of the AVƵ of Alcal and currently of the AVƵ), is the result of a line of exhaustive research that began more than five years ago and integrates data from historical archives, climatology, statistical models and forest ecology. "It has been a fascinating job, to analyze how climate oscillations in the North Atlantic control forest productivity over the last century in Spanish pine forests" explains prof. Markus Stoffel, co-author of the study in the UNIGE. The work that has been possible thanks to the collaboration with other Spanish universities, such as the Basque Country and Castilla La Macha, integrates data from pine forests in several locations in Castilla La Mancha and Castilla y Len autonomous regions. "These pine forests were the basis of the livelihood of many rural areas in Spain since the 19th century, for this reason an exhaustive quantification of available resources, wood, grass, resin, etc ... was carried out," Dr. Juan Ballesteros explain. The problem is that many of the previous works were based on model projections and also, they did not consider the interaction between both climate modes, the NAO and AMO. Thanks to the existence of this long-term forest data, the study demonstrates for the first time that it is the interaction of both climate modes that controls the productivity of ecosystems in the long term. Thus, the results of the work show that the phases AMO+ NAO+ and AMO-NAO- exert a high control over forest productivity, due to the decrease in rainfall and winter temperatures, respectively. The NAO is like a door that control the entrance of the storm tracks, but it is also necessary the control of AMO (linked to the temperature of the Atlantic in extratropical latitudes) and the formation of squalls which finally determines the temperature and humidity of the air that arrives to the Iberian Peninsula. Under drought conditions such as the one that is hitting the Mediterranean in recent times, these findings could be essential for water, agrarian and forestry planning, and in particular to assess the climatic vulnerability of ecosystems.  458MN\e ȯȃj_E2$hPXhG0^CJOJQJaJmH sH 3hG0^hc55B* CJOJQJ\aJmH phZsH hG0^hc5mH sH 0hPXh65B*CJOJQJaJmH phOsH *h-5B*CJOJQJaJmH phOsH *hC5B*CJOJQJaJmH phOsH 0hPXhPX5B*CJOJQJaJmH phOsH 0hPXhG0^5B*CJOJQJaJmH phOsH h;1ghPXCJOJQJ^JaJhc5CJOJQJ^JaJ ~ D ~n^^R $$Ifa$gdp$ & F$Ifa$gd$$If^a$gd][kkd$$Ifl  t"t"   t0ZZt"ZZ44 lalytL$$If]^a$gdCe { } ~ B C D J L Z ] ^ ` ؼاoSoS7"(hPXh"rECJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 7hPXh'Y5>*B* CJOJQJ^JaJmH phZsH 7hPXh"rE5>*B* CJOJQJ^JaJmH phZsH 7hPXhG0^5>*B* CJOJQJ^JaJmH phZsH 7hPXhp5>*B* CJOJQJ^JaJmH phZsH (hPXh~LCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH 7hPXhG0^5>*B* CJOJQJ^JaJmH phZsH $hPXhG0^CJOJQJaJmH sH 'hPXhG0^6CJOJQJaJmH sH ` IO;\]bsuG[qh $%&bf(ŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵŵťťťť$hPXhPXCJOJQJaJmH sH h-CJOJQJaJmH sH h% TCJOJQJaJmH sH hG0^CJOJQJaJmH sH $hG0^hG0^CJOJQJaJmH sH (hPXhpCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH $hPXhG0^CJOJQJaJmH sH - &]Xgd&fkd$$Iflt"t"  t0t"Z44 lal $$Ifa$gd][ $$Ifa$gd- $$Ifa$gd- $$Ifa$gdp $$Ifa$gdG0^ R`tx~xݺo5jhQ7hC<B* CJOJQJU^JaJphZj4hQ7hC<Uhc5hG hc5CJOJQJaJh-hkA<OJQJmH sH $h-hPXCJOJQJaJmH sH h-CJOJQJaJmH sH $hPXhPXCJOJQJaJmH sH hPXCJOJQJaJmH sH <P1h:pG . 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